![]() ![]() Hypochlorous acid gives 4-aminophenol and para-amino diphenylamine.Īniline is a weak base. Potassium permanganate in neutral solution oxidizes it to nitrobenzene, in alkaline solution to azobenzene, ammonia and oxalic acid, in acid solution to aniline black. Hydrochloric acid and potassium chlorate give chloranil. ![]() Chromic acid converts it into quinone, whereas chlorates, in the presence of certain metallic salts (especially of vanadium), give aniline black. In alkaline solution, azobenzene results, whereas arsenic acid produces the violet-colouring matter violaniline. The oxidation of aniline has been carefully investigated. In commerce, three brands of aniline are distinguished-aniline oil for blue, which is pure aniline aniline oil for red, a mixture of equimolecular quantities of aniline and ortho- and para-toluidines and aniline oil for safranine, which contains aniline and ortho- toluidine, and is obtained from the distillate (échappés) of the fuchsine fusion.Īniline is colourless, it slowly oxidizes and resinifies in air, giving a red-brown tint to aged samples. Many derivatives of aniline can be prepared in similar fashion. As an alternative, aniline is also prepared from phenol and ammonia, the phenol being derived from cumene. In the second step, the nitrobenzene is hydrogenated, typically at 600 ☌ in presence of a nickel catalyst to give aniline. It ignites readily, burning with a smoky flame.įirst, benzene is nitrated using a concentrated mixture of nitric acid and sulfuric acid at 50 to 60 ☌, which gives nitrobenzene. Like most volatile amines, it possesses the somewhat unpleasant odour of rotten fish and also has a burning aromatic taste it is a highly-acrid poison. Its main application is in the manufacture of polyurethane. It is the simplest and one of the most important aromatic amines, being used as a precursor to more-complex chemicals. ![]() Phenylhydrazine Nitrosobenzene NitrobenzeneĮxcept where noted otherwise, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 ☌, 100 kPa) Infobox disclaimer and referencesĪniline, phenylamine or aminobenzene is an organic compound with the formula C 6 H 5 N H 2. ![]()
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